Monday, February 3, 2014

2014 Book Challenges

So, what’s the plan for 2014? Maybe update this blog more than once every twelve months …

Actually, I have set a couple of reading challenges for the year & hope to write up a bit about those as time goes on. The first is the “SFF Explorer” challenge, set by one of the groups I joined on the Goodreads website, the Science Fiction and Heroic Fantasy group, with the goal of reading works by science and fiction and fantasy authors I haven’t read before. I set a goal of 20 new authors for the year. (I thought that would be amibitious, and prompt me to look into sub-genres like military sci-fi that I don’t read as much of, and both of those may yet prove to be the case, but so far this challenge has mainly prompted me to pick up several I’ve-been-meaning-to-get-around to titles off my own shelves and the library shelves. Hmm, with Wesley Chu I’m already up to at least 4.6666 out of 20.)

The second is a poetry challenge, because I can tend to put off reading volumes after I’ve bought them, at least cover-to-cover. They do take time and attention; you need to be in a certain mood, and sometimes they can be a little heavy. But I set myself a 25-in-2013 challengen that cleared out a little of my backlog and turned me on to some interesting new stuff (much of it slam-influenced and published by Write Bloody Publishing). Highlights included Gardening in the Dark by Laura Kasischke and Brass Girl Brouhaha by Adrian Blevins, who turns out to be from Abingdon & a Hollins alumna. Still, 25 felt like a lot, so this year I set the less amibitious but more poetic 14-in-2014 challenge. To make it more of a challenge and to keep up on recent works, I’ve decided to try to read at least one volume of poetry published in each year of the 21st Century –- which means, if I include both 2000 and this year, it’ll actually be 15-in-2014. We’ll see. And that doesn’t mean I won’t throw in a few extras, or some titles from the ol’ 20th C. (A little Richard Wright perhaps? Although I usually only “count” poetry books when I’ve read them cover-to-cover, and sometimes with collections, I just feel like grazing, which might be particularly appropriate for haiku.) Or even earlier. I haven’t read anything toward this challenge yet, but I should be checking off a year or two soon, because Major Jackson is giving a reading at VCU in a few weeks, and I’ve got two recent books of his on my list.

Well, hopefully more to come …

Sharps

Sharps by K.J. Parker was an entirely pleasant surprise. Parker's an author whom I haven't heard much about and had seen in actual bookstores only very occasionally, but who came up regularly in my Amazon recommendations. I finally gave in and ordered a trilogy and a stand-alone (Sharps), all fencing-themed, but when they arrived, they sat on my shelf for months. Partly that's because the blurbs and the covers gave the general impression that this was fantasy in the "grimdark" tradition (I think of Joe Abercrombie here; many put George R.R. Martin's Song of Ice & Fire solidly in this camp as well), and while high-stakes, unsentimental, violence-filled adventure stories can be enjoyable they can also be, well, pretty grim.

What's so refreshing about Sharps is that it feels fresh, modern, and Bismarckian in its sense of realpolitik without dwelling on the sordid details of the grim and ghastly. That's not to say that nothing grisly happens, but rather that the focus is on figuring out the strategies, the politics, character motivations and histories and the probable consequences of their interactions – in short, the story. There's a certain cynicism, especially as applied to the tropes of traditional epic fantasy that's characteristic of grimdark; Parker is able to use this edge without making her* characters unsympathetic. Parker's characters are sometimes puzzles to solve, but we care about them as people, too (although we may not invest the same unguarded emotions as we might in, say, St. Vier or Alec in Ellen Kushner's Swordspoint, a classic among fencing fantasies; Kushner and Parker take very different approaches to their subjects, but both are impressive).

There's a touch of twentieth century "Great Game" politics and more than a touch of Roman Empire about Sharps, with its two oft-warring kingdoms, Scheria and Permia, set in the middle of two global powers, the Western and Eastern Empires. There's a preponderance in fantasy settings of societies that have been peacefully going about the status quo for years, up until the sudden threats that prompt book-worthy events, and Parker avoids this trap by depicting nations that have been changing and evolving in recent years as well as the distant past (and, in her ending, even gives a hint of continued natural turbulence in the future). While nobles and Church play significant roles, the Bank with its loans and futures speculations is an even more important player, and it's satisfying to see large-scale financial concerns significantly motivating the novel's intrigues.

Although the scope of the story is small – a reluctantly-recruited troup of Scherian fencers embark on a "goodwill tour" of neighboring Permia – the stakes are epic-worthy, as war and peace hang in the balance. The combination results in an excellent, stand-alone novel that's fully as thought out and satisfying as a longer series of books (more satisfying, in fact, than many a trilogy).

While there are section breaks as we shift from following one character to another, Parker tells her story in one thick rush of text; at first I longed for chapter divisions, but by about a third of the way through I was fully caught up in the current. Even early on, some juxtapositions of points-of-view were startlingly bold, as we skip from playboy minor nobleman Giraut's perspective after killing a Senator in a misunderstanding to late-middle-aged Phrantzes' awkward invitation to his business partner for a dinner prepared by Phrantzes' prospective bride, a former prostitute, to the partner's verdict ("a sound medium-to-long-term investment, offering worthwhile returns with an acceptably low risk factor"). Adding to the cast is Iseutz, small-sword specialist and the lone female main character, whose point of view anchors the novel's opening and close. There's consistently colorful Suidas Deutzel, war veteran and rapier champion. There's Addo, Adolescentulus Carnufex, the fourth son of a famously ruthless general, who fades to near invisibility in company but makes an effort to prove himself over the course of the tour. And there's political officer Tzimisces, who collects Cerian porcelain.

To say much more would be a disservice to those who haven't read Sharps yet. I highly recommend it. Meanwhile, I'm looking forward to looking into Parker's other work (although, I think I'll let Sharps resonate a bit before I jump into her fencing trilogy; perhaps I'll try out the engineer or scavenger trilogies, or another stand-alone).


*Parker is a pseudonymn, so I’m making guess on the pronouns here.

6 from McIntyre's

So, I thought I'd get this blog started back up by talking about six pretty different books I picked up at an independent bookseller outside of Pittsboro the first summer I visited Kate in her new diggs (they were still new at the time, anyway). I enjoyed all of them in different ways, and most of them were books I wouldn't have sought out on my own at a Barnes & Noble or Amazon (at least not without a couple of recommendations). I'll talk about them in the order I read them.

Heading Out to Wonderful is probably the furthest from my usual fare. The (beautiful) cover of this edition gives almost a chick lit feel, and it's clear early-on that this is not a plot-driven novel. The story begins in 1948, when a stranger drives into town, "Brownsburg, Virginia  ... the kind of town that existed in the years right after the war, where the terrible American wanting hadn't touched yet, where most people lived a simple life without yearning for things they couldn't have, where the general store had tin Merita bread signs as door handles ..." bringing a briefcase full of cash, a cardboard suitcase, and a set of butcher's knives.  There were times, especially in the beginning, that I worried this would be a too idealistic take on rural Virginia – the opening chapter includes such assertions as "They just accepted their lot, these five hundred or so men, women, and children, black and white, the blacks knowing their place, as they said then, which meant that the whites knew their place, too, and were pretty pleased with their lot in the evolutionary parade." – but as the story unfolds, characters begin to clash, power dynamics are laid bare, and this reader stopped suspecting the narrator owned any rose-colored glasses. (Although the narrator's identity isn't spelled out until the end of the book, it's obvious to anyone paying attention to the hints dropped in the opening.)

There's a feeling of a pastorale about many of the passages. Some of the most memorable describe the newcomer, Charlie, sleeping outside by the river in his truck. ("The summer moonlight filtered through the willow branches and made shadows on his pale, gleaming back. The black, cool water sparkled as he shook out his wet hair, turned from brown to the black of the water and the starlit night. ... Then he knelt by the truck with the singing of the crickets loud in the dark and the murmur of the night moths like a fluttering in the heart, and he said his prayers, even though he knew deep down he had lost his faith somewhere along the way.") I also appreciated the insights that accompany Charlie's visits to the local churches and how their congregations respond to him. The end of the novel takes the same slow-paced, lyrical approach as some of the earlier chapters but dives into chillingly stark, distilled meditations on human nature and motivations.

***

A far future heroine named Artemis, raised on a "library planet" and coming of age among the criminals of planet Cuchulainn? You know I had to pick that one up. The first section ("Revenge") of Artemis is what you what you might get if Tarantino directed sci-fi. It opens with a magnificent, visceral prison break and expands to tell a story of assassination and revenge. It also comes with the baggage of trendy, pulpy action films – an overabundance and aestheticization of violence and its share of gratuitous sex. In the first part of the book, these are easily out-weighed by the Artemis' vibrant and powerful first-person narration, on-fire pacing, a cinematic feel, and a sense of originality.

While entertaining, the rest of the book doesn't live up to the first section. As soon as the second chapter, we're treated to a giant chunk of exposition that, if I had to guess, is a lengthy plot summary of Palmer's novel Debatable Space. (It does make me want to read the book, although part of me fears there wouldn't be much to add to the summary!) As the book goes on, the focus widens from Artemis' personal story to bring in both her family story and a larger, galactic war. Sadly, Artemis' mother (who I'm guessing stars in one of Palmer's earlier novels) steals the focus, making our vivid protagonist Artemis seem like heroine-light, and the war story pales next to Artemis' revenge saga. On the other hand, Palmer creates some fascinating aliens, even if their participation in this novel is marginal (and they sometimes appear as deii ex machina).

***

Witches on the Road Tonight is probably the favorite of my McIntyre's selections. I was surprised I hadn't heard of it, since it was published in 2011, and I tend to pay attention to news of author Sheri Holman. (I've heard her speak, and her first book, A Stolen Tongue, about the medieval "translation" of saints' relics, was marvelously strange. Her next book, The Dress Lodger, was probably her most popular, though I found it a little grim. I hadn't read her next effort, The Mammoth Cheese, because I didn't feel like I was particularly in the mood for biting, comic critique of rural Virginian politics and dairies, but reading Witches made me want to give The Cheese a try!)

After a present-day prologue, the story begins in Panther's Gap, Virginia, 1940, when two young WPA employees, sometimes-couple Tucker and Sonia, a writer and photographer working on an annotated tourist map for the Virginia Writer's Project, drive into the rural southwest. Tucker hits young Eddie Alley on a mountain road, and although the boy isn't seriously hurt, it leads Tucker and Sonia to take an unscheduled stop in the bare-bones cabin where Eddie lives with mother, Cora. Soon Tucker finds himself attracted Cora, who has a local reputation as a dangerous witch who on occasion roams the mountains in the skin of a panther; meanwhile, young Eddie is fascinated by Tucker's film projector and an early Frankenstein.

The story skips back to the present day, where an aging Eddie lives in New York, contemplating the end of his life and his somewhat-strained relationship with his adult daughter, Wallis. We see Wallis in present day as a risk-taking journalist but follow her memories into smalltown Virginia in the 1980s, where Eddie has worked for years as Captain Casket, introducing the weekend horror movies for the local television station. Now, the station faces rocky financial straits. Young Wallis is largely oblivious to this, but she notices the strains in her parents' relationship when the family takes in a homeless teenage boy who works part-time for Eddie. As Wallis tries to adjust to the changes in her family life, she ultimately finds herself haunted by an act of witchcraft and a weekend spent visiting the old family cabin in Panther's Gap.

The strength of the novel is in the insight with which Holman describes the complex character motivations and interactions. We see and understand both Sonia's attraction to Tucker and to her work; Tucker's fears and warring ideals; the conflicts between Eddie's and Wallis' passionate desires and their legacies and responsibilities. (Although Holman makes an effort to round out Eddie's wife/Wallis' mother with a brief section from her point of view, she remains the least interesting figure.) There's also real suspense, especially as the reader begins to wonder, and fear, what really happened in 1980 ... and 1940. Meanwhile, Holman treats her magic with both seriousness and mystery, taking an approach that's not quite magic realism. Saturated in the details of the personal, Holman nevertheless touches on big ideas as her themes echo through the generations: art and family, death and mystery, life and love.

***

City of Bohane begs to be read aloud in a thick Irish accent. Of course, I couldn't produce a satisfactory accent and had to be content with imagining one. In one way, then, the novel can be slow going, since it can't be read any faster than the speaking rate of my imaginary inner Irish storyteller. But why would you want to rush? The earthy, exuberant, self-aware storyteller's prose is the heart of the book. An example from an early chapter: "Smoketown laid out its grogshops, its noodle joints, its tickle-foot parlors. Its dank shebeens and fetish studios. Its shooting galleries, hoor stables, bookmakers. All crowded in on each other in the lean-to streets. The tottering old chimneys were stacked in great deranged happiness against the morning sky. The streets in dawn light thronged with familiar faces. The Gant felt at once as if he had never been gone." Above all, City of Bohane has style.

The tale is one of gang rivalries in Bohane, an invented (yet mythically vibrant) west coast Irish city on the edge of the Big Nothin'. Logan Hartnett (with some assistance from his mother Girly, his lieutenants Wolfie Stanners and Fucker Burke, Fucker's Alsatian Angelina, and Jennie Ching the hoor) has dominated the city and the enterprising young thugs of the Hartnett Fancy for years when the Gant rides into town and upsets the balance of things. The darkly comic tone is reminiscent of the Galway-set film The Guard with Brendan Gleeson (but with more epic overtones). The plot takes place in a not-terribly-distant future (it's hard to figure out whether Girly grew up as a contemporary to the reader or in a somewhat earlier or later time), and while the details of exactly how much time has elapsed and what events have brought Bohane to its present state are sketchy, they don't really matter for enjoying the novel. The rivalry and the word play are what's important here, and both are to be relished.

***

The Fifth Servant is the rare medieval-set tome with the energy and pacing of a contemporary detective story. The point-of-view switches between the noir-like first person narration of Benyamin Ben-Akiva, a poor scholar new to town and filling the humble role of fifth shammas for the Jewish community, and various third person interludes (when, for example, we need to find out what the Christian serving girl or the corrupt clergy are getting up to). The narration is notable for both using contemporary slang without calling undue attention to it and being deeply immersed in the details of Jewish religious life and practice – sometimes proverbs, but mostly exceprts from Talmudic stories and interpretations of law. (“The Talmud asks, ‘Why are scholars compared to a nut?’ The answer given is that even though the outside may be dirty and scuffed, the inside is still valuable. But I could think of other reasons for the comparison.”) The story kicks off with a murder that must be solved before Passover. Ben-Akiva finds himself the go-between between the Jewish and Christian communities (as well as the more literal Talmud scholars and rabbis and those who follow the mystical bent of Rabbi Loew), hindered by religious strictures, threats of violence from the Christian community, and the Jews’ position, not as citizens but as property, of the Hapsburg Emperor (who makes an appearance).

This novel set in sixteenth-century Prague makes an interesting companion piece with the historical sections of Everything Is Illuminated. I suspect the characterizations of the rabbis and the plotlines surrounding Rabbi Loew would be even richer for a reader better versed in Jewish history, but even this amateur found a lot to appreciate. (And between the Foer and Wishnia, I found myself delving into the very interesting Learning to Read Midrash, with scholarly but entertaining explanations of stories – intriguingly found in both Midrash and the Qu’ran but not in the Bible/Torah – and exegesis of Biblical word choices and seeming contradictions. I also checked out Swimming in the Sea of Talmud and Searching for Meaning from Midrash, mentioned in The Fifth Servant’s useful acknowledgments, but didn’t get far: these much drier tomes, while chunked into shorter sections, focus more on interpreting duties and regulations and are less friendly to a reader unfamiliar with Jewish law.)

***

Alif the Unseen calls to mind the work of Ursula K. LeGuin. The characters may not be quite as well rounded or the deeper layers as philosphical as Earthsea’s, but Alif shares the ambience of quick-moving fairytale with a serious side. Whether it’s due to the upper-class girl he’s secretly been seeing, the illegal security and encryption services he provides his online customers, or the rare book that has suddenly fallen into his hands, Indian-Arab hacker Alif knows he’s in trouble when he finds the national security services surrounding his house. 

Fortunately, the cat that sometimes sneeks onto his balcony turns out to be a jinn (one of several, friendly and otherwise, he will encounter in his travels) and Alif finds fellow travellers in his neighbor Dina and a contact that goese by the screenname NewQuarter. There are fantastic locales, exciting episodes (like the escape from the secret desert prison), and cogent reflections on religion, politics, and ethics. While the end (written in the midst of the Arab Spring and published in 2012) reflected both the chaos and hopes of current events and incorporated a mythic hacker showdown, I did feel it left a little to be desired. Overall, however, Alif brings a bright energy and fresh setting to the fantasy and modern-day-fairytale genres. 

Monday, December 19, 2011

Two Dozen from 2011 (Pt. 2)

African American and Civil Rights history seemed to form a theme in some of my 2011 reading, but the underlying theme here was economics. (Also fitting into this category was Five Miles Away, A World Apart by UVA professor James E. Ryan, the story of how Richmond's Freeman and TJ high schools were -- or weren't -- integrated. Though a worthy volume, it didn't make the list mostly because of its dryer tone and legalistic focus.)

5 In American Dream: Three Women, Ten Kids, and a Nation's Drive to End Welfare, journalist Jason DeParle finely balances the personal work and life stories of three "ordinary" women with historical background and 20th Century politics. He goes back to the origins of welfare legislation (originally intended mainly for widowed (white) mothers) in the 1930s and charts how welfare programs grew during and post WWII, "exploding" by the mid-1960s. At the same time, DeParle describes the hardships facing ex-slaves in the South and African Americans' eventual great northern migration, interviewing stalwart Hattie Mae Crenshaw, born to Mississippi sharecroppers in 1937, who traveled north, eventually settling in Chicago. As DeParle chronicles "welfare reform" and "welfare-to-work" programs of the 1990s, he interweaves the stories of Hattie Mae's descendents, Jewell, Opal, and Angie, three mothers who move to Milwaukee in search of better government benefits and find themselves trying to make ends meet despite legislative upheavals. Crucially, DeParle makes the point that "no one survived on welfare alone." For the women DeParle profiles, welfare becomes one resource among others, like (unreported) minimum wage jobs of various stripes and (unreported) earnest or mercenary relationships with men with (legal or illegal) sources of income. Importantly, DeParle also takes a look at the government and social worker's perspective, spending considerable time profiling a caseworker. While DeParle find evidence of many well-meaning official representatives, and even a few that are marginally competent, overall he paints an entirely fact-based picture of hideously incompetent and corrupt buerocracies. DeParle's overall story is nuanced and thought-provoking: challenging readers to think critically and seriously about social justice and public policy and on par with Carol Stack's All Our Kin in making understandable an urban, African American way of living that might seem incomprehensible to outsiders. Even if the particular legislative battles described are no longer making headlines, American Dream is still a book I'd recommend.

6 Although nonfiction, Random Family: Love, Drugs, Trouble, and Coming of Age in the Bronx by Adrian Nicole LeBlanc reads like a soap opera. At times, I had to shamefacedly ask myself whether I was getting too much enjoyment out of the salacious details of who was who's baby's daddy and who was going to jail next. However, this book is really a remarkably detailed, sympathetic but far from rose-coloured profile of Americans with limited options trying to find success and meaning in their lives. Jessica, the proud girlfriend of a rich drug kingpin; Cesar, her ambitious younger brother; and Cesar's sometimes girlfriend, family-minded Coco, form the central cast; before the book is done, two of the three spend time in prison. Intergenerational violence and addiction have their place alongside individual hopes and passions. LeBlanc lets her characters (her subjects) speak and act for themselves.

7 The voice of preacher's son Timothy B. Tyson in Blood Done Sign My Name rings authentic and familiar. Writing a white perspective of the Civil Rights Movement (even a small part of it) can be tricky, but Tyson fully acknowledges the awkwardness and ambiguity of his position. He writes meaningfully of white, Southern churches divided, churches actively promoting white supremacism, and churches trying to do the right thing (perhaps largely ineffectively) by promoting desegregation and racial cooperation through peaceful means; as he introduces the character of black freedom fighter Ben Chavis, whose positions and actions are far more radical than those of Rev. Tyson, the younger Tyson questions whether equal rights could have been achieved without violence. Tyson gives his childhood impressions alongside adult research and reflections as he chronicles the 1970 killing of black veteran Henry Marrow and the trial and events that followed. Especially in a region that prides itself on remembering its history, the story of riots in Oxford and mobs in Wilmington, North Carolina, is one that should be much more well known. (I'm looking forward to seeing the movie, which just arrived from Netflix, and finding out what viewpoint it takes!)

8 The Help by Kathryn Stockett is another entry in the ambivalent field of white writers taking on the African American experience -- though Stockett's novel is really about the not-so-parallel experiences of her white characters as well as their black "help." It may be problematic that these black women speak in dialect, while Stockett's white middle class and society ladies use only the occasional Southernism, but Stockett's afterword explaining her choices shows at least that she's not thoughtlessly appropriating others' experiences. However well Stockett succeeds in her task of representing a black point of view, she definitely tells an enjoyable story. Stockett's strength is in telling the details of everyday life, from table decor to Junior League intrigue, and the small indignities (think: bathrooms) and larger injustices of servitude. The heart of the story is the friendship that develops between spoiled-but-not-rotten would-be-writer Skeeter and the maid Aibilene (but the most enjoyable characters are Minny and Celia). Though violence is not entirely ignored, Stockett probably underplays the real danger; if she gives us a story that is more inspirational tale and tribute to domestic help than realistic depiction of the Civil Rights movement, you'll want to read it nevertheless (even if just to find out what's in that cake).

9 Colson Whitehead is a delightful wordsmith, and in Apex Hides the Hurt, he finds a story that encourages wordplay. Our protagonist is a "nomenclature consultant," a namer of names who despite such career successes as the title slogan (Apex being the brand name for a Band-Aid rival that comes in shades reflecting ethnically diverse skintones) is going through a rough patch. He is challenged to choose a name for the small town now known as Winthrop after the industrialist family that founded its once-thriving barbed wire factory, but originally known as Freedom, a haven for former slaves. If the local millionaire entrepreneur has his way, Freedom/Winthrop will become New Prospera. Whitehead's meditation on market forces, multiculturalism, and "political" correctness is smart, sarcastic, funny, and all too honest in its appraisal of the challenges and absurdities of modern life.

Two Dozen from 2011 (Pt. 1)

The winter issue of Poets & Writers highlighted Maine writer Joshua Bodwell's annual annotated "Baker's Dozen" list of top reads for the year. In challenging myself to put together my own Top 13, I found myself struggling to pare it down below 14 -- so I decided to expand instead. Based on a quick perusal of my Goodreads account, this list comprises about one quarter of my 2011 reading. While I re-read and enjoyed some favorite series (by Jim Butcher and Diana Gabaldon) in 2011, the titles that made it to the list were all new reads. In not-quite-but-almost random order:

1 & 2 To address my own pet interests first, I'll list David Damrosch's The Buried Book: The Loss and Rediscovery of the Great Epic of Gilgamesh and Theodore Ziolkowski's Gilgamesh Among Us. The Buried Book was a Christmas present I'd been saving, and it turned out to be a highly readable account of the epic's discovery and translation by George Smith; its excavation and the discovery of Ninevah's palace library by Hormuzd Rassam, the assembling of the library by Ashurbanipal, and the epic's beginnings in ancient Sumer. To mimic an archaeological excavation, Damrosch begins in the mid-19th century and moves back 3,000 years toward what can be surmised of the historical Gilgamesh. Damrosch paints both Smith and Rassam as underdogs in conflict with the British elite; while this approach probably made for good storytelling, I was ridden with sympathetic angst while reading of some of the academic, political, and even legal battles! I was familiar with most of the names, but the book helped put them in context (especially the 19th century Brits Layard, Rawlinson, Smith, Rassam, and Budge). While much of the information about the sources and interpretation of the epic itself can be found in other places, Damrosch brings together insights from experts in various disciplines, and his epilogue on Gilgamesh in the context of the second Gulf War provides a thoughtful conclusion. (It also kind of makes me want to read Saddam Hussein's novel Zabibah and the King, now apparently available in German translation.)

Ziolkowski picks up where Damrosch leaves off, writing a "reception history" of Gilgamesh in literature and popular culture, from its early translation through to the 21st Century. I'm still in first chapters, but it seems that, while the earliest interest in Gilgamesh was based on the flood account and how it reinforced or undermined Biblical authority, later interest was motivated in part by the epic's position outside of (and prior to) Christian tradition in all its Western interpretations. Although Gilgamesh influenced early modernist writers including Rilke and earned a place in Jung's Symbols of Transformation, it has perhaps been brought to the fore more by postmodernists than modernists, due in part to its existential themes, opportunities for exploring issues of gender and sexuality, and fragmentary nature. We'll see how Ziolkowski's argument develops: the highlight is sure to begin on p. 164, where Ziolkoski notes "American poet Hillary Major's 'Gilgamesh Remembers a Dream' (2000)" as a "proud entry" in the tradition of lyric poems inspired by Gilgamesh. After quoting from the poem, Ziolkowski gives a summary analysis: "The poem appears to take the homosexuality for granted--as well as the shortness of human memory--but leaves it open to speculation whether the plant of eternal youth--and by extension the entire visit to Utnapishtim--was real or simply a dream."

3 I was fully prepared to hate The Magicians by Lev Grossman, expecting a satiric exploitation of the fantasy genre with the oh-so-common "postmodern" cast of universally unlikable characters. Instead, I loved it, probably because Grossman's love for his subject (fantasy, yes, most specifically Narnia with a dollop of Hogwarts) shone through so clearly. Grossman undercuts the conventions of the coming-of-age fantasy while also embracing them. Instead of the usual underdog protagonist, Quentin is a privileged nerd; if less time is spent battling evil than exploring (and usually bungling) interpersonal relationships with his fellow magicians, that doesn't mean the stakes are low. The question of what magic is, and of what to do with it in a world where dark lords and evil queens may be hard to find, turns out to be epic worthy.

4 We Don't Know We Don't Know begins with epigraphs from Pliny the Elder and Donald Rumsfeld. Nick Lantz manages to give us timely, socially conscious, intellectually challenging and emotionally engaging poetry that doesn't lose track of the musicality of language itself. He makes us question the nature of knowledge, the role of science, and language's communicative power and purposes. Most of all though, he writes poems that can be read and enjoyed.

Saturday, October 16, 2010

Race, Politics, & Underwater Caves

Recently, I've been reading my way through the fiction of Barbara Kingsolver. I enjoyed The Poisonwood Bible in high school, but though I was curious about her other books, I put off reading them at the time. In the back of my mind, I think I was suspicious they'd be "too girly" (and, then, I might have found them so). I'm glad I went back. Homeland reminded me that short stories can be satisfying. The Bean Trees and later novels entertained, made me think, and presented pleasantly complex female characters.

I started with an old box set that included Homeland, The Bean Trees, Pigs in Heaven, and Animal Dreams. I went to on to re-read Poisonwood Bible, then bought and read Prodigal Summer. When I got to The Lacuna, however, I hesitated. The title alone sounded unpleasantly postmodern. I'm a Frida Kahlo fan, but I've read plenty of books that sacrificed soul to documentary accuracy when they tried to mix in historical figures. Plus, books (and movies) about McCarthyism tend to leave me feeling ineffectually angry rather than roused, motivated, or edified. The Lacuna, in other words looked like an ambitious, possible "important" book -- one that seemed likely to be worth reading but didn't promise much pleasure along the way.

So, I decided to take a break. The Native American themes in Kingsolver reminded me of another writer who had been, for me, a one hit wonder. Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony was the highlight of my required reading list at about the time Kingsolver's Poisonwood Bible came out, but I had never read any of her other books. In fact, I didn't know she had written other books until a few years ago, when a friend who had studied her oeuvre in a college course suggested some of her other books might blow my mind. I appreciated the various feminist mythologies that played into Gardens in the Dunes, but at times I felt disengaged, the distance between the characters and the reader too great. Silko's massive Almanac of the Dead, one the other hand, became a labrious read: It's hard to fault an author for expressing anger or for describing distasteful realities (or almost-realities); still, Almanac struck me as a book that seemed to take more from the reader than it gave. Moreover, after more than 700 pages of reader investment, the ending seemed anticlimactic. [True, I'm not one to pick up on numerical subtleties, and calendars run through; maybe someday I'll do some background reading that will help me appreciate some of the extra layers to Silko's tale.] There is heart and soul to Almanac (heart and soul that I think inhabit very much the same place they do in Silko's powerful Ceremony), but it's deeply buried.

I worried that Lacuna, too, might prove more effort than entertainment. I couldn't have been more wrong. The book drew me in right away. The first chapter has some beautiful prose and introduces the intriguing characters of Salome and Leandro, but the story really picks up when the diary entries start. (And, for a reader who generally prefers third to first person, that's saying something.) The narrator (one of Kingsolver's rare male protagonists) is likable, and there's a subtle tension in his desires to reveal as well as conceal.

There's a danger in beginning with a fourteen-year-old protagonist, but Kingsolver makes the narrator's youth both interesting and integral to the unfolding story. She also avoids the potential solipsism of a novel about a writer. True, the most vibrant passages describe the narrator's Mexican cooking, not his writing. Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo add color and energy; they spring to life just as I'd imagined them. (If there's a fault to their portrayal, perhaps it's that they're too much as one might imagine, too likable despite their faults.) Trotsky -- though portrayed even more sympathetically -- comes off less larger-than-life. The historical figures are tied into action as well as theme; they don't come off as mere decoration, and they don't steal the scene either.

Though the reader has a pretty good idea of where things are going, there's enough mystery to keep the pages turning. Kingsolver's creation, Harrison William Shepherd, is a protagonist well worth getting to know.

The Lacuna is much more than a political statement, but politics has an unabashed part to play. In the author interview following the novel, Kingsolver reveals that one of the inspirations for the book was a question: "Why is the relationship between art and politics such an uneasy one in the U.S.? Most people in other places tend to view these as inseparable."

I've seen and read plenty of works deploring the censorship and persecutions of the McCarthy era. The Lacuna is the only one that's made me wonder: What happened to bring the McCarthy era to the end?

That said, don't let worries about politics or postmodernism keep you away from The Lacuna. It is, first and foremost, an engaging story.

Friday, February 5, 2010

A Red Cherry on a White-tiled Floor

I very much enjoyed this selection of poems by contemporary poet Maram Al-Massri. Al-Massri was born in Syria and lives in France; she writes in Arabic.

Her poems are short; they make use of simple but evocative diction. They are passionate, erotic, complex.

In fact, the poems appear so deceptively simple that part of me wondered why I liked them so much. Was I responding to the fact of their being translations with a hint of exoticism, imagining the poet as some kind of modern-day odalisque? But as I read further, swept along in Al-Massri's complicated, questioning, and daring search for fulfillment and for herself, I knew I could let myself off the hook: there's meat to these brief, intense lyrics and the sequences they constitute.

One certainly feels that Al-Massri is in dialogue with a long tradition of Arabic poetry; this is sensed in the themes and images of love, and in the ways in which the individual poems are like episodes that reflect, challenge, open up, and refract each other and Al-Massri's themes. Al-Massri speaks, however, with a distinct and vibrant, modern voice.

Here are two selections from the series A Red Cherry on a White-tiled Floor, originally published in 1997:

2

How foolish:
Whenever my heart
hears a knocking
it opens its doors.

64

She set out
to offer him
her pores
and her nails
adorned with cherries
which he ate
ravenously.

She left
with the basket
of her heart
emptied out.


And here the ending of I Look to You, originally published in 2000:

99

Whenever a man
leaves me
my beauty increases.

100

Increases...


Both sequences explore themes of love and betrayal, power, freedom, abandonment. I admit to preferring the earlier Red Cherry, which includes more moments of innocence and awakening; more poems in the later sequence reflect on burdens, dissatisfaction, and disillusionment. Despite this, I found the entire volume a pleasure to read. Al-Massri speaks with energy, authority, and honesty.

Although I confess that the Arabic text of this bilingual edition was Greek to me, translator Khaled Mattawa (a poet in his own right) continues to impress me.

This volume was published by Bloodaxe Books in 2004.